candle/candle-transformers/src/models/quantized_recurrent_gemma.rs

//! Recurrent Gemma model implementation with quantization support.
//!
//! Gemma is a large language model optimized for efficiency.
//! This implementation provides quantization for reduced memory and compute.
//!
//! Key characteristics:
//! - Recurrent blocks with gated recurrent units
//! - Convolution and attention blocks
//! - RMSNorm for layer normalization
//! - Rotary positional embeddings (RoPE)
//! - Support for 8-bit quantization
//!
//! References:
//! - [Gemma Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.06751)
//! - [Model Card](https://ai.google.dev/gemma)
//!

use crate::quantized_nn::{linear_b as linear, Embedding, Linear};
pub use crate::quantized_var_builder::VarBuilder;
use candle::{DType, Device, IndexOp, Module, Result, Tensor, D};
use std::sync::Arc;

use crate::models::recurrent_gemma::{Config, Rglru, RmsNorm, RotaryEmbedding, TemporalBlockType};

fn rms_norm(size: usize, eps: f64, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<RmsNorm> {
    let weight = vb.get(size, "weight")?.dequantize(vb.device())?;
    Ok(RmsNorm::from_weight(weight, eps))
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct Mlp {
    gate_proj: Linear,
    up_proj: Linear,
    down_proj: Linear,
    act_fn: candle_nn::Activation,
}

impl Mlp {
    fn new(cfg: &Config, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
        let h = cfg.hidden_size;
        let intermediate_size = cfg.intermediate_size / 2;
        let gate_proj = linear(h, intermediate_size, true, vb.pp("gate_proj"))?;
        let up_proj = linear(h, intermediate_size, true, vb.pp("up_proj"))?;
        let down_proj = linear(intermediate_size, h, true, vb.pp("down_proj"))?;
        Ok(Self {
            gate_proj,
            up_proj,
            down_proj,
            act_fn: cfg.hidden_activation,
        })
    }
}

impl Module for Mlp {
    fn forward(&self, xs: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> {
        let gate = xs.apply(&self.gate_proj)?.apply(&self.act_fn)?;
        (gate * xs.apply(&self.up_proj))?.apply(&self.down_proj)
    }
}

fn rglru(cfg: &Config, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Rglru> {
    let h = cfg.hidden_size;
    let lru_width = cfg.lru_width.unwrap_or(h);
    let n_heads = cfg.num_attention_heads;
    let block_width = lru_width / n_heads;
    let recurrent_param = vb.get((lru_width,), "recurrent_param")?;
    let input_gate_weight = vb.get((n_heads, block_width, block_width), "input_gate_weight")?;
    let input_gate_bias = vb.get((n_heads, block_width), "input_gate_bias")?;
    let recurrent_gate_weight =
        vb.get((n_heads, block_width, block_width), "recurrent_gate_weight")?;
    let recurrent_gate_bias = vb.get((n_heads, block_width), "recurrent_gate_bias")?;
    Ok(Rglru {
        recurrent_param: recurrent_param.dequantize(vb.device())?,
        input_gate_bias: input_gate_bias.dequantize(vb.device())?,
        input_gate_weight: input_gate_weight.dequantize(vb.device())?,
        recurrent_gate_bias: recurrent_gate_bias.dequantize(vb.device())?,
        recurrent_gate_weight: recurrent_gate_weight.dequantize(vb.device())?,
        block_width,
        n_heads,
        recurrent_states: None,
    })
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct RecurrentBlock {
    linear_y: Linear,
    linear_x: Linear,
    linear_out: Linear,
    conv_1d: candle_nn::Conv1d,
    conv1d_state: Option<Tensor>,
    conv1d_width: usize,
    rg_lru: Rglru,
    act_fn: candle_nn::Activation,
}

impl RecurrentBlock {
    fn new(cfg: &Config, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
        let h = cfg.hidden_size;
        let lru_width = cfg.lru_width.unwrap_or(h);
        let linear_y = linear(h, lru_width, true, vb.pp("linear_y"))?;
        let linear_x = linear(h, lru_width, true, vb.pp("linear_x"))?;
        let linear_out = linear(lru_width, h, true, vb.pp("linear_out"))?;

        let conv_1d = {
            let ws = vb
                .get((lru_width, 1, cfg.conv1d_width), "conv_1d.weight")?
                .dequantize(vb.device())?;
            let bs = vb.get(lru_width, "conv_1d.bias")?.dequantize(vb.device())?;
            let config = candle_nn::Conv1dConfig {
                groups: lru_width,
                padding: cfg.conv1d_width - 1,
                ..Default::default()
            };
            candle_nn::Conv1d::new(ws, Some(bs), config)
        };
        let rg_lru = rglru(cfg, vb.pp("rg_lru"))?;
        Ok(Self {
            linear_y,
            linear_x,
            linear_out,
            conv_1d,
            conv1d_state: None,
            conv1d_width: cfg.conv1d_width,
            rg_lru,
            act_fn: cfg.hidden_activation,
        })
    }

    pub fn forward(&mut self, xs: &Tensor, pos: usize) -> Result<Tensor> {
        let (_b_sz, seq_len, _) = xs.dims3()?;

        let y_branch = xs.apply(&self.linear_y)?.apply(&self.act_fn)?;
        let x_branch = xs.apply(&self.linear_x)?.transpose(1, 2)?;
        let x_branch = if pos == 0 {
            let x_len = x_branch.dim(D::Minus1)?;
            let pad = self.conv1d_width as i64 - x_len as i64 - 1;
            let padded = match pad.cmp(&0) {
                std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => x_branch.clone(),
                std::cmp::Ordering::Less => {
                    let rev_pad = (-pad) as usize;
                    x_branch.narrow(D::Minus1, rev_pad, x_len - rev_pad)?
                }
                std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => {
                    x_branch.pad_with_zeros(D::Minus1, pad as usize, 0)?
                }
            };
            self.conv1d_state = Some(padded);
            x_branch
                .apply(&self.conv_1d)?
                .narrow(D::Minus1, 0, seq_len)?
        } else {
            let conv_state = match self.conv1d_state.as_ref() {
                None => candle::bail!("empty cache despite pos > 0"),
                Some(s) => Tensor::cat(&[s, &x_branch], D::Minus1)?,
            };
            let w = self.conv_1d.weight().i((.., 0, ..))?;
            let x_branch = conv_state.broadcast_mul(&w)?.sum(D::Minus1)?;
            let x_branch = match self.conv_1d.bias() {
                None => x_branch,
                Some(b) => x_branch.broadcast_add(b)?,
            };
            let x_branch = x_branch.unsqueeze(D::Minus1)?;
            self.conv1d_state = Some(conv_state.i((.., .., 1..))?);
            x_branch
        };
        let x_branch = x_branch.transpose(1, 2)?;
        let x_branch = self.rg_lru.forward(&x_branch, pos)?;
        (x_branch * y_branch)?.apply(&self.linear_out)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct SdpaAttention {
    q_proj: Linear,
    k_proj: Linear,
    v_proj: Linear,
    o_proj: Linear,
    n_heads: usize,
    n_kv_heads: usize,
    head_dim: usize,
    hidden_size: usize,
    kv_cache: Option<(Tensor, Tensor)>,
    rotary_emb: Arc<RotaryEmbedding>,
}

impl SdpaAttention {
    fn new(rotary_emb: Arc<RotaryEmbedding>, cfg: &Config, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
        let h = cfg.hidden_size;
        let n_heads = cfg.num_attention_heads;
        let n_kv_heads = cfg.num_key_value_heads;
        let hd = cfg.head_dim;
        let q_proj = linear(h, n_heads * hd, cfg.attention_bias, vb.pp("q_proj"))?;
        let k_proj = linear(h, n_kv_heads * hd, cfg.attention_bias, vb.pp("k_proj"))?;
        let v_proj = linear(h, n_kv_heads * hd, cfg.attention_bias, vb.pp("v_proj"))?;
        let o_proj = linear(n_heads * hd, h, true, vb.pp("o_proj"))?;
        Ok(Self {
            q_proj,
            k_proj,
            v_proj,
            o_proj,
            n_heads,
            n_kv_heads,
            head_dim: hd,
            hidden_size: h,
            kv_cache: None,
            rotary_emb,
        })
    }

    fn repeat_kv(&self, x: Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> {
        let n_rep = self.n_heads / self.n_kv_heads;
        crate::utils::repeat_kv(x, n_rep)
    }

    fn forward(
        &mut self,
        xs: &Tensor,
        attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>,
        pos: usize,
    ) -> Result<Tensor> {
        let (bsz, q_len, _) = xs.dims3()?;

        let query_states = xs.apply(&self.q_proj)?;
        let key_states = xs.apply(&self.k_proj)?;
        let value_states = xs.apply(&self.v_proj)?;

        let query_states = query_states
            .reshape((bsz, q_len, self.n_heads, self.head_dim))?
            .transpose(1, 2)?;
        let key_states = key_states
            .reshape((bsz, q_len, self.n_kv_heads, self.head_dim))?
            .transpose(1, 2)?;
        let value_states = value_states
            .reshape((bsz, q_len, self.n_kv_heads, self.head_dim))?
            .transpose(1, 2)?;
        let query_states = query_states.chunk(2, D::Minus1)?;
        let key_states = key_states.chunk(2, D::Minus1)?;
        let (query_rot, key_rot) =
            self.rotary_emb
                .apply_rotary_emb_qkv(&query_states[0], &key_states[0], pos)?;
        let query_states = Tensor::cat(&[&query_rot, &query_states[1]], D::Minus1)?.contiguous()?;
        let key_states = Tensor::cat(&[&key_rot, &key_states[1]], D::Minus1)?.contiguous()?;

        let (key_states, value_states) = match &self.kv_cache {
            None => (key_states, value_states),
            Some((prev_k, prev_v)) => {
                let key_states = Tensor::cat(&[prev_k, &key_states], 2)?;
                let value_states = Tensor::cat(&[prev_v, &value_states], 2)?;
                (key_states, value_states)
            }
        };
        self.kv_cache = Some((key_states.clone(), value_states.clone()));

        let key_states = self.repeat_kv(key_states)?;
        let value_states = self.repeat_kv(value_states)?;
        let xs = {
            let att = (query_states.matmul(&key_states.t()?)? / (self.head_dim as f64).sqrt())?;
            let att = if q_len == 1 {
                att
            } else {
                match attention_mask {
                    None => att,
                    Some(mask) => att.broadcast_add(mask)?,
                }
            };
            let att = candle_nn::ops::softmax_last_dim(&att)?;
            att.matmul(&value_states.contiguous()?)?
        };

        let xs = xs
            .transpose(1, 2)?
            .reshape((bsz, q_len, self.hidden_size))?;
        self.o_proj.forward(&xs)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
enum TemporalBlock {
    Recurrent(RecurrentBlock),
    Attention(SdpaAttention),
}

impl TemporalBlock {
    fn forward(
        &mut self,
        xs: &Tensor,
        attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>,
        pos: usize,
    ) -> Result<Tensor> {
        match self {
            Self::Recurrent(b) => b.forward(xs, pos),
            Self::Attention(b) => b.forward(xs, attention_mask, pos),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct DecoderLayer {
    temporal_pre_norm: RmsNorm,
    channel_pre_norm: RmsNorm,
    temporal_block: TemporalBlock,
    mlp_block: Mlp,
}

impl DecoderLayer {
    fn new(
        block_idx: usize,
        rotary_emb: Arc<RotaryEmbedding>,
        cfg: &Config,
        vb: VarBuilder,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let h = cfg.hidden_size;
        let temporal_pre_norm = rms_norm(h, cfg.rms_norm_eps, vb.pp("temporal_pre_norm"))?;
        let channel_pre_norm = rms_norm(h, cfg.rms_norm_eps, vb.pp("channel_pre_norm"))?;
        let temporal_block = match cfg.block_types[block_idx % cfg.block_types.len()] {
            TemporalBlockType::Recurrent => {
                let block = RecurrentBlock::new(cfg, vb.pp("temporal_block"))?;
                TemporalBlock::Recurrent(block)
            }
            TemporalBlockType::Attention => {
                let block = SdpaAttention::new(rotary_emb, cfg, vb.pp("temporal_block"))?;
                TemporalBlock::Attention(block)
            }
        };
        let mlp_block = Mlp::new(cfg, vb.pp("mlp_block"))?;
        Ok(Self {
            temporal_pre_norm,
            channel_pre_norm,
            temporal_block,
            mlp_block,
        })
    }

    fn forward(
        &mut self,
        xs: &Tensor,
        attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>,
        pos: usize,
    ) -> Result<Tensor> {
        let residual = xs;
        let xs = xs.apply(&self.temporal_pre_norm)?;
        let xs = self.temporal_block.forward(&xs, attention_mask, pos)?;
        let xs = (xs + residual)?;
        let residual = &xs;
        let xs = xs.apply(&self.channel_pre_norm)?.apply(&self.mlp_block)?;
        xs + residual
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Model {
    embed_tokens: Embedding,
    layers: Vec<DecoderLayer>,
    final_norm: RmsNorm,
    lm_head: Linear,
    hidden_size: usize,
    logits_soft_cap: f64,
    device: Device,
}

impl Model {
    pub fn new(cfg: &Config, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
        let embed_tokens = Embedding::new(cfg.vocab_size, cfg.hidden_size, vb.pp("embed_tokens"))?;
        let rotary_emb = Arc::new(RotaryEmbedding::new(DType::F32, cfg, vb.device())?);
        let vb_b = vb.pp("layers");
        let mut layers = Vec::with_capacity(cfg.num_hidden_layers);
        for idx in 0..cfg.num_hidden_layers {
            let layer = DecoderLayer::new(idx, rotary_emb.clone(), cfg, vb_b.pp(idx))?;
            layers.push(layer)
        }
        let final_norm = rms_norm(cfg.hidden_size, cfg.rms_norm_eps, vb.pp("final_norm"))?;
        let lm_head = linear(
            cfg.hidden_size,
            cfg.vocab_size,
            false,
            vb.pp("embed_tokens"),
        )?;
        Ok(Self {
            embed_tokens,
            layers,
            final_norm,
            lm_head,
            hidden_size: cfg.hidden_size,
            logits_soft_cap: cfg.logits_soft_cap,
            device: vb.device().clone(),
        })
    }

    fn prepare_decoder_attention_mask(
        &self,
        b_size: usize,
        tgt_len: usize,
        seqlen_offset: usize,
    ) -> Result<Tensor> {
        let mask: Vec<_> = (0..tgt_len)
            .flat_map(|i| (0..tgt_len).map(move |j| if i < j { f32::NEG_INFINITY } else { 0. }))
            .collect();
        let mask = Tensor::from_slice(&mask, (tgt_len, tgt_len), &self.device)?;
        let mask = if seqlen_offset > 0 {
            let mask0 = Tensor::zeros((tgt_len, seqlen_offset), DType::F32, &self.device)?;
            Tensor::cat(&[&mask0, &mask], D::Minus1)?
        } else {
            mask
        };
        mask.expand((b_size, 1, tgt_len, tgt_len + seqlen_offset))?
            .to_dtype(DType::F32)
    }

    pub fn forward(&mut self, xs: &Tensor, pos: usize) -> Result<Tensor> {
        let (b_size, seq_len) = xs.dims2()?;
        let attention_mask = if seq_len <= 1 {
            None
        } else {
            let mask = self.prepare_decoder_attention_mask(b_size, seq_len, pos)?;
            Some(mask)
        };
        let xs = xs.apply(&self.embed_tokens)?;
        let mut xs = (xs * (self.hidden_size as f64).sqrt())?;
        for layer in self.layers.iter_mut() {
            xs = layer.forward(&xs, attention_mask.as_ref(), pos)?;
        }
        let logits = xs
            .narrow(1, seq_len - 1, 1)?
            .apply(&self.final_norm)?
            .apply(&self.lm_head)?;
        let logits = ((logits / self.logits_soft_cap)?.tanh()? * self.logits_soft_cap)?;
        Ok(logits)
    }
}