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@ -6,69 +6,139 @@ Lightning Zaps
`draft` `optional` `author:jb55` `author:kieran`
This NIP defines a new note type called a lightning zap of kind `9735`. These represent paid lightning invoice receipts sent by a lightning node called the `zapper`. We also define another note type of kind `9734` which are `zap request` notes, which will be described in this document.
This NIP defines two new event types for recording lightning payments between users. `9734` is a `zap request`, representing a payer's request to a recipient's lightning wallet for an invoice. `9735` is a `zap receipt`, representing the confirmation by the recipient's lightning wallet that the invoice issued in response to a zap request has been paid.
Having lightning receipts on nostr allows clients to display lightning payments from entities on the network. These can be used for fun or for spam deterrence.
## Definitions
`zapper` - the lightning node or service that sends zap notes (kind `9735`)
`zap request` - a note of kind `9734` created by the person zapping
`zap invoice` - the bolt11 invoice fetched from a custom lnurl endpoint which contains a `zap request` note
## Protocol flow
### Client side
1. Client calculates a recipient's lnurl pay request url by decoding their lud06 or lud16 field on their profile according to the [lnurl specifications](https://github.com/lnurl/luds). The client MUST send a GET request to this url and parse the response. If `allowsNostr` exists and it is `true`, and if `nostrPubkey` exists and is a valid BIP 340 public key in hex, the client should associate this information with the user, along with the response's `callback`, `minSendable`, and `maxSendable` values.
2. Clients may choose to display a lightning zap button on each post or on a user's profile. If the user's lnurl pay request endpoint supports nostr, the client SHOULD use this NIP to request a zap receipt rather than a normal lnurl invoice.
3. When a user (the "sender") indicates they want to send a zap to another user (the "recipient"), the client should create a `zap request` event as described in Appendix A of this NIP and sign it.
4. Instead of publishing the `zap request`, the `9734` event should instead be sent to the `callback` url received from the lnurl pay endpoint for the recipient using a GET request. See Appendix B for details and an example.
5. The recipient's lnurl server will receive this request and validate it. See Appendix C for details on how to properly configure an lnurl server to support zaps, and Appendix D for details on how to validate the `nostr` query parameter.
6. If the request is valid, the server should fetch a description hash invoice where the description is this note and this note only. No additional lnurl metadata is included in the description. This will be returned in the response according to [LUD06](https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/06.md).
7. On receiving the invoice, the client MAY pay it or pass it to an app that can pay the invoice.
8. Once the invoice is paid, the recipient's lnurl server MUST generate a `zap receipt` as described in Appendix E, and publish it to the `relays` specified in the `zap request`.
9. Clients MAY fetch zap notes on posts and profiles, but MUST authorize their validity as described in Appendix F. If the zap request note contains a non-empty `content`, it may display a zap comment. Generally clients should show users the `zap request` note, and use the `zap note` to show "zap authorized by ..." but this is optional.
1. Calculate the lnurl pay request url for a user from the lud06 or lud16 field on their profile
## Reference and examples
2. Fetch the lnurl pay request static endpoint (`https://host.com/.well-known/lnurlp/user`) and gather the `allowsNostr` and `nostrPubkey` fields. If `allowsNostr` exists and it is `true`, and if `nostrPubkey` exists and is a valid BIP 340 public key in hex, associate this information with the user. The `nostrPubkey` is the `zapper`'s pubkey, and it is used to authorize zaps sent to that user.
### Appendix A: Zap Request Event
3. Clients may choose to display a lightning zap button on each post or on the users profile, if the user's lnurl pay request endpoint supports nostr, the client SHOULD generate a `zap invoice` instead of a normal lnurl invoice.
A `zap request` is an event of kind `9734` that is _not_ published to relays, but is instead sent to a recipient's lnurl pay `callback` url. This event's `content` MAY be an optional message to send along with the payment. The event MUST include the following tags:
4. To generate a `zap invoice`, call the `callback` url with `amount` set to the milli-satoshi amount value. A `nostr` querystring value MUST be set as well. It is a uri-encoded `zap request` note signed by the user's key. The `zap request` note contains an `e` tag of the note it is zapping, and a `p` tag of the target user's pubkey. The `e` tag is optional which allows profile tipping. An optional `a` tag allows tipping parameterized replaceable events such as NIP-23 long-form notes. The `zap request` note must also have a `relays` tag, which is gathered from the user's configured relays. The `zap request` note SHOULD contain an `amount` tag, which is the milli-satoshi value of the zap which clients SHOULD verify being equal to the amount of the invoice. The `content` MAY be an additional comment from the user which can be displayed when listing zaps on posts and profiles.
- `relays` is a list of relays the recipient's wallet should publish its `zap receipt` to. Note that relays should not be nested in an additional list, but should be included as shown in the example below.
- `amount` is the amount in _millisats_ the sender intends to pay, formatted as a string. This is recommended, but optional.
- `lnurl` is the lnurl pay url of the recipient, encoded using bech32 with the prefix `lnurl`. This is recommended, but optional.
- `p` is the hex-encoded pubkey of the recipient.
5. Pay this invoice or pass it to an app that can pay the invoice. Once it's paid, a `zap note` will be created by the `zapper`.
In addition, the event MAY include the following tags:
### LNURL Server side
- `e` is an optional hex-encoded event id. Clients MUST include this if zapping an event rather than a person.
- `a` is an optional NIP-33 event coordinate that allows tipping parameterized replaceable events such as NIP-23 long-form notes.
Example:
```json
{
"kind": 9734,
"content": "Zap!",
"tags": [
["relays", "wss://nostr-pub.wellorder.com"],
["amount", "21000"],
["lnurl", "lnurl1dp68gurn8ghj7um5v93kketj9ehx2amn9uh8wetvdskkkmn0wahz7mrww4excup0dajx2mrv92x9xp"],
["p", "04c915daefee38317fa734444acee390a8269fe5810b2241e5e6dd343dfbecc9"],
["e", "9ae37aa68f48645127299e9453eb5d908a0cbb6058ff340d528ed4d37c8994fb"]
],
"pubkey": "97c70a44366a6535c145b333f973ea86dfdc2d7a99da618c40c64705ad98e322",
"created_at": 1679673265,
"id": "30efed56a035b2549fcaeec0bf2c1595f9a9b3bb4b1a38abaf8ee9041c4b7d93",
"sig": "f2cb581a84ed10e4dc84937bd98e27acac71ab057255f6aa8dfa561808c981fe8870f4a03c1e3666784d82a9c802d3704e174371aa13d63e2aeaf24ff5374d9d"
}
```
### Appendix B: Zap Request HTTP Request
A signed zap request event is not published, but is instead sent using a HTTP GET request to the recipient's `callback` url, which was provided by the recipient's lnurl pay endpoint. This request should have the following query parameters defined:
- `amount` is the amount in _millisats_ the sender intends to pay
- `nostr` is the `9734` zap request event, JSON encoded then URI encoded
- `lnurl` is the lnurl pay url of the recipient, encoded using bech32 with the prefix `lnurl`
This request should return a JSON response with a `pr` key, which is the invoice the sender must pay to finalize his zap. Here is an example flow:
```javascript
const senderPubkey // The sender's pubkey
const recipientPubkey = // The recipient's pubkey
const callback = // The callback received from the recipients lnurl pay endpoint
const lnurl = // The recipient's lightning address, encoded as a lnurl
const sats = 21
const amount = sats * 1000
const relays = ['wss://nostr-pub.wellorder.net']
const event = encodeURI(JSON.stringify(await signEvent({
kind: [9734],
content: "",
pubkey: senderPubkey,
created_at: Math.round(Date.now() / 1000),
tags: [
["relays", ...relays],
["amount", amount.toString()],
["lnurl", lnurl],
["p", recipientPubkey],
],
})))
const {pr: invoice} = await fetchJson(`${callback}?amount=${amount}&nostr=${event}&lnurl=${lnurl}`)
```
### Appendix C: LNURL Server Configuration
The lnurl server will need some additional pieces of information so that clients can know that zap invoices are supported:
1. Add a `nostrPubkey` to the lnurl-pay static endpoint `/.well-known/lnurlp/user`, where `nostrPubkey` is the nostr pubkey of the `zapper`, the entity that creates zap notes. Clients will use this to authorize zaps.
1. Add a `nostrPubkey` to the lnurl-pay static endpoint `/.well-known/lnurlp/<user>`, where `nostrPubkey` is the nostr pubkey your server will use to sign `zap receipt` events. Clients will use this to validate zap receipts.
2. Add an `allowsNostr` field and set it to true.
3. In the lnurl-pay callback URL, watch for a `nostr` querystring, where the contents of the note is a uri-encoded `zap request` JSON.
### Appendix D: LNURL Server Zap Request Validation
4. If present, the zap request note must be validated:
When a client sends a zap request event to a server's lnurl-pay callback URL, there will be a `nostr` query parameter where the contents of the event are URI- and JSON-encoded. If present, the zap request event must be validated in the following ways:
a. It MUST have a valid nostr signature
1. It MUST have a valid nostr signature
2. It MUST have tags
3. It MUST have only one `p` tag
4. It MUST have 0 or 1 `e` tags
5. There should be a `relays` tag with the relays to send the `zap` note to.
6. If there is an `amount` tag, it MUST be equal to the `amount` query parameter.
7. If there is an `a` tag, it MUST be a valid NIP-33 event coordinate
b. It MUST have tags
The event MUST then be stored for use later, when the invoice is paid.
c. It MUST have at least one p-tag
### Appendix E: Zap Receipt Event
d. It MUST have either 0 or 1 e-tag
A `zap receipt` is created by a lightning node when an invoice generated by a `zap request` is paid. Zap receipts are only created when the invoice description (committed to the description hash) contains a zap request note.
e. There should be a `relays` tag with the relays to send the `zap` note to.
When receiving a payment, the following steps are executed:
f. If there is an `amount` tag, it MUST be equal to the `amount` query parameter.
1. Get the description for the invoice. This needs to be saved somewhere during the generation of the description hash invoice. It is saved automatically for you with CLN, which is the reference implementation used here.
2. Parse the bolt11 description as a JSON nostr event. This SHOULD be validated based on the requirements in Appendix D, either when it is received, or before the invoice is paid.
3. Create a nostr event of kind `9735` as described below, and publish it to the `relays` declared in the zap request.
g. If there is an `a` tag, it MUST be a valid NIP-33 event coordinate
The following should be true of the zap receipt event:
5. If valid, fetch a description hash invoice where the description is this note and this note only. No additional lnurl metadata is included in the description.
- The content SHOULD be empty.
- The `created_at` date SHOULD be set to the invoice `paid_at` date for idempotency.
- `tags` MUST include the `p` tag AND optional `e` tag from the zap request.
- The zap receipt MUST have a `bolt11` tag containing the description hash bolt11 invoice.
- The zap receipt MUST contain a `description` tag which is the JSON-encoded invoice description.
- `SHA256(description)` MUST match the description hash in the bolt11 invoice.
- The zap receipt MAY contain a `preimage` tag to match against the payment hash of the bolt11 invoice. This isn't really a payment proof, there is no real way to prove that the invoice is real or has been paid. You are trusting the author of the zap receipt for the legitimacy of the payment.
At this point, the lightning node is ready to send the zap note once payment is received.
The zap receipt is not a proof of payment, all it proves is that some nostr user fetched an invoice. The existence of the zap receipt implies the invoice as paid, but it could be a lie given a rogue implementation.
## The zap note
A reference implementation for a zap-enabled lnurl server can be found [here](https://github.com/jb55/cln-nostr-zapper).
Zap notes are created by a lightning node reacting to paid invoices. Zap notes are only created when the invoice description (committed to the description hash) contains a `zap request` note.
Example zap note:
Example zap receipt:
```json
{
@ -77,73 +147,24 @@ Example zap note:
"created_at": 1674164545,
"kind": 9735,
"tags": [
[
"p",
"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"
],
[
"e",
"3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8"
],
[
"bolt11",
"lnbc10u1p3unwfusp5t9r3yymhpfqculx78u027lxspgxcr2n2987mx2j55nnfs95nxnzqpp5jmrh92pfld78spqs78v9euf2385t83uvpwk9ldrlvf6ch7tpascqhp5zvkrmemgth3tufcvflmzjzfvjt023nazlhljz2n9hattj4f8jq8qxqyjw5qcqpjrzjqtc4fc44feggv7065fqe5m4ytjarg3repr5j9el35xhmtfexc42yczarjuqqfzqqqqqqqqlgqqqqqqgq9q9qxpqysgq079nkq507a5tw7xgttmj4u990j7wfggtrasah5gd4ywfr2pjcn29383tphp4t48gquelz9z78p4cq7ml3nrrphw5w6eckhjwmhezhnqpy6gyf0"
],
[
"description",
"{\"pubkey\":\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\",\"content\":\"\",\"id\":\"d9cc14d50fcb8c27539aacf776882942c1a11ea4472f8cdec1dea82fab66279d\",\"created_at\":1674164539,\"sig\":\"77127f636577e9029276be060332ea565deaf89ff215a494ccff16ae3f757065e2bc59b2e8c113dd407917a010b3abd36c8d7ad84c0e3ab7dab3a0b0caa9835d\",\"kind\":9734,\"tags\":[[\"e\",\"3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8\"],[\"p\",\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\"],[\"relays\",\"wss://relay.damus.io\",\"wss://nostr-relay.wlvs.space\",\"wss://nostr.fmt.wiz.biz\",\"wss://relay.nostr.bg\",\"wss://nostr.oxtr.dev\",\"wss://nostr.v0l.io\",\"wss://brb.io\",\"wss://nostr.bitcoiner.social\",\"ws://monad.jb55.com:8080\",\"wss://relay.snort.social\"]]}"
],
[
"preimage",
"5d006d2cf1e73c7148e7519a4c68adc81642ce0e25a432b2434c99f97344c15f"
]
["p", "32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245"],
["e", "3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8"],
["bolt11", "lnbc10u1p3unwfusp5t9r3yymhpfqculx78u027lxspgxcr2n2987mx2j55nnfs95nxnzqpp5jmrh92pfld78spqs78v9euf2385t83uvpwk9ldrlvf6ch7tpascqhp5zvkrmemgth3tufcvflmzjzfvjt023nazlhljz2n9hattj4f8jq8qxqyjw5qcqpjrzjqtc4fc44feggv7065fqe5m4ytjarg3repr5j9el35xhmtfexc42yczarjuqqfzqqqqqqqqlgqqqqqqgq9q9qxpqysgq079nkq507a5tw7xgttmj4u990j7wfggtrasah5gd4ywfr2pjcn29383tphp4t48gquelz9z78p4cq7ml3nrrphw5w6eckhjwmhezhnqpy6gyf0"],
["description", "{\"pubkey\":\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\",\"content\":\"\",\"id\":\"d9cc14d50fcb8c27539aacf776882942c1a11ea4472f8cdec1dea82fab66279d\",\"created_at\":1674164539,\"sig\":\"77127f636577e9029276be060332ea565deaf89ff215a494ccff16ae3f757065e2bc59b2e8c113dd407917a010b3abd36c8d7ad84c0e3ab7dab3a0b0caa9835d\",\"kind\":9734,\"tags\":[[\"e\",\"3624762a1274dd9636e0c552b53086d70bc88c165bc4dc0f9e836a1eaf86c3b8\"],[\"p\",\"32e1827635450ebb3c5a7d12c1f8e7b2b514439ac10a67eef3d9fd9c5c68e245\"],[\"relays\",\"wss://relay.damus.io\",\"wss://nostr-relay.wlvs.space\",\"wss://nostr.fmt.wiz.biz\",\"wss://relay.nostr.bg\",\"wss://nostr.oxtr.dev\",\"wss://nostr.v0l.io\",\"wss://brb.io\",\"wss://nostr.bitcoiner.social\",\"ws://monad.jb55.com:8080\",\"wss://relay.snort.social\"]]}"],
["preimage", "5d006d2cf1e73c7148e7519a4c68adc81642ce0e25a432b2434c99f97344c15f"]
],
"content": "",
"sig": "b0a3c5c984ceb777ac455b2f659505df51585d5fd97a0ec1fdb5f3347d392080d4b420240434a3afd909207195dac1e2f7e3df26ba862a45afd8bfe101c2b1cc"
}
```
* The zap note MUST have a `bolt11` tag containing the description hash bolt11 invoice.
### Appendix F: Validating Zap Receipts
* The zap note MUST contain a `description` tag which is the invoice description.
A client can retrieve `zap receipts` on events and pubkeys using a NIP-01 filter, for example `{"kinds": [9735], "#e": [...]}`. Zaps MUST be validated using the following steps:
* `SHA256(description)` MUST match the description hash in the bolt11 invoice.
* The zap note MAY contain a `preimage` to match against the payment hash of the bolt11 invoice. This isn't really a payment proof, there is no real way to prove that the invoice is real or has been paid. You are trusting the author of the zap note for the legitimacy of the payment.
The zap note is not a proof of payment, all it proves is that some nostr user fetched an invoice. The existence of the zap note implies the invoice as paid, but it could be a lie given a rogue implementation.
### Creating a zap note
When receiving a payment, the following steps are executed:
1. Get the description for the invoice. This needs to be saved somewhere during the generation of the description hash invoice. It is saved automatically for you with CLN, which is the reference implementation used here.
2. Parse the bolt11 description as a JSON nostr note. You SHOULD check the signature of the parsed note to ensure that it is valid. This is the `zap request` note created by the entity who is zapping.
4. The note MUST have only one `p` tag
5. The note MUST have 0 or 1 `e` tag
6. Create a nostr note of kind `9735` that includes the `p` tag AND optional `e` tag. The content SHOULD be empty. The created_at date SHOULD be set to the invoice paid_at date for idempotency.
7. Send the note to the `relays` declared in the `zap request` note from the invoice description.
A reference implementation for the zapper is here: [zapper][zapper]
[zapper]: https://github.com/jb55/cln-nostr-zapper
## Client Behavior
Clients MAY fetch zap notes on posts and profiles:
`{"kinds": [9735], "#e": [...]}`
To authorize these notes, clients MUST fetch the `nostrPubkey` from the users configured lightning address or lnurl and ensure that the zaps to their posts were created by this pubkey. If clients don't do this, anyone could forge unauthorized zaps.
Once authorized, clients MAY tally zaps on posts, and list them on profiles. If the zap request note contains a non-empty `content`, it may display a zap comment. Generally clients should show users the `zap request` note, and use the `zap note` to show "zap authorized by ..." but this is optional.
- The `zap receipt` event's `pubkey` MUST be the same as the recipient's lnurl provider's `nostrPubkey` (retrieved in step 1 of the protocol flow).
- The `invoiceAmount` contained in the `bolt11` tag of the `zap receipt` MUST equal the `amount` tag of the `zap request` (if present).
- The `lnurl` tag of the `zap request` (if present) SHOULD equal the recipient's `lnurl`.
## Future Work