diff --git a/src/events.cpp b/src/events.cpp
index 52b1602..7a8f6a6 100644
--- a/src/events.cpp
+++ b/src/events.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@ std::string nostrJsonToFlat(const tao::json::value &v) {
 
     uint64_t expiration = 0;
 
+    if (isReplaceableKind(kind)) {
+        // Prepend virtual d-tag
+        tagsGeneral.emplace_back(NostrIndex::CreateTagGeneral(builder,
+            'd',
+            builder.CreateVector((uint8_t*)"", 0)
+        ));
+    }
+
     if (v.at("tags").get_array().size() > cfg().events__maxNumTags) throw herr("too many tags: ", v.at("tags").get_array().size());
     for (auto &tagArr : v.at("tags").get_array()) {
         auto &tag = tagArr.get_array();
@@ -42,8 +50,6 @@ std::string nostrJsonToFlat(const tao::json::value &v) {
                 expiration = parseUint64(tagVal);
                 if (expiration < 100) throw herr("invalid expiration");
             }
-        } else if (tagName == "ephemeral") {
-            expiration = 1;
         } else if (tagName.size() == 1) {
             if (tagVal.size() > cfg().events__maxTagValSize) throw herr("tag val too large: ", tagVal.size());
 
@@ -56,14 +62,15 @@ std::string nostrJsonToFlat(const tao::json::value &v) {
         }
     }
 
-    if (isDefaultReplaceableKind(kind)) {
+    if (isParamReplaceableKind(kind)) {
+        // Append virtual d-tag
         tagsGeneral.emplace_back(NostrIndex::CreateTagGeneral(builder,
             'd',
             builder.CreateVector((uint8_t*)"", 0)
         ));
     }
 
-    if (isDefaultEphemeralKind(kind)) {
+    if (isEphemeralKind(kind)) {
         expiration = 1;
     }
 
@@ -280,11 +287,13 @@ void writeEvents(lmdb::txn &txn, std::vector<EventToWrite> &evs, uint64_t logLev
         {
             std::optional<std::string> replace;
 
-            for (const auto &tagPair : *(flat->tagsGeneral())) {
-                auto tagName = (char)tagPair->key();
-                if (tagName != 'd') continue;
-                replace = std::string(sv(tagPair->val()));
-                break;
+            if (isReplaceableKind(flat->kind()) || isParamReplaceableKind(flat->kind())) {
+                for (const auto &tagPair : *(flat->tagsGeneral())) {
+                    auto tagName = (char)tagPair->key();
+                    if (tagName != 'd') continue;
+                    replace = std::string(sv(tagPair->val()));
+                    break;
+                }
             }
 
             if (replace) {
diff --git a/src/events.h b/src/events.h
index 095f71b..94c89d5 100644
--- a/src/events.h
+++ b/src/events.h
@@ -9,17 +9,22 @@
 
 
 
-inline bool isDefaultReplaceableKind(uint64_t kind) {
+inline bool isReplaceableKind(uint64_t kind) {
     return (
         kind == 0 ||
         kind == 3 ||
         kind == 41 ||
-        (kind >= 10'000 && kind < 20'000) ||
+        (kind >= 10'000 && kind < 20'000)
+    );
+}
+
+inline bool isParamReplaceableKind(uint64_t kind) {
+    return (
         (kind >= 30'000 && kind < 40'000)
     );
 }
 
-inline bool isDefaultEphemeralKind(uint64_t kind) {
+inline bool isEphemeralKind(uint64_t kind) {
     return (
         (kind >= 20'000 && kind < 30'000)
     );
diff --git a/test/writeTest.pl b/test/writeTest.pl
index 7c09300..ba61338 100644
--- a/test/writeTest.pl
+++ b/test/writeTest.pl
@@ -43,16 +43,6 @@ doTest({
 });
 
 
-doTest({
-    desc => "Same, but explicit empty d tag",
-    events => [
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi" --kind 10000 --created-at 5000 },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi 2" --kind 10000 --created-at 5001 --tag d '' },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi" --kind 10000 --created-at 5000 },
-    ],
-    verify => [ 1, ],
-});
-
 
 doTest({
     desc => "Replacement is dropped",
@@ -84,6 +74,17 @@ doTest({
 });
 
 
+doTest({
+    desc => "d tags are ignored in 10k-20k range",
+    events => [
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi" --kind 10003 --created-at 5000 },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi 2" --kind 10003 --created-at 5001 --tag d 'myrepl' },
+    ],
+    verify => [ 1, ],
+});
+
+
+
 
 doTest({
     desc => "Deletion",
@@ -135,19 +136,27 @@ doTest({
 doTest({
     desc => "Parameterized Replaceable Events",
     events => [
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 1 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 1 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 30001 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 30001 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
     ],
     verify => [ 1, ],
 });
 
+doTest({
+    desc => "d tag only works in range 30k-40k",
+    events => [
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 1 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 1 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
+    ],
+    verify => [ 0, 1, ],
+});
 
 doTest({
     desc => "d tags have to match",
     events => [
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 1 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 1 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl2 },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi3" --kind 1 --created-at 5002 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 30001 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 30001 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl2 },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi3" --kind 30001 --created-at 5002 --tag d myrepl },
     ],
     verify => [ 1, 2, ],
 });
@@ -156,8 +165,8 @@ doTest({
 doTest({
     desc => "Kinds have to match",
     events => [
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 1 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 2 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 30001 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 30002 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
     ],
     verify => [ 0, 1, ],
 });
@@ -166,23 +175,34 @@ doTest({
 doTest({
     desc => "Pubkeys have to match",
     events => [
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 1 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[1]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 1 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 30001 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[1]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 30001 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
     ],
     verify => [ 0, 1, ],
 });
 
 
 doTest({
-    desc => "Timestamp",
+    desc => "Newer param replaceable event isn't replaced",
     events => [
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 1 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
-        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 1 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi1" --kind 30001 --created-at 5001 --tag d myrepl },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi2" --kind 30001 --created-at 5000 --tag d myrepl },
     ],
     verify => [ 0, ],
 });
 
 
+doTest({
+    desc => "Explicit empty d tag",
+    events => [
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi" --kind 30003 --created-at 5000 },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi 2" --kind 30003 --created-at 5001 --tag d '' },
+        qq{--sec $ids->[0]->{sec} --content "hi" --kind 30003 --created-at 5000 },
+    ],
+    verify => [ 1, ],
+});
+
+
 
 print "\nOK\n";